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| Waste Plastics |
Waste Plastics: Can be used for the Production of Clean Fuel
Production of plastics is increasing rapidly because of their vital role in today’s daily activities. Plastics are widely used because of its advantages such as cheapness, endurance, lightness, hygiene and design adaptability. The sharp rise and mass consumption of plastics produce a great quantity of wastes, which poses a formidable challenge for waste management. Domestic waste generally contain many kind of waste plastics, including polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride, which is 70% of total waste. About 299 million tons of plastics were produced in 2013, which was 4 percentages more over the year 2012. Approximately 10-20 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans each year as per. Plastics generated from e-waste in 2014 contained an estimated quantity of 8.6 Mt of plastics and its overall valuation was estimated to be US $52 billion. The major sources of plastic waste include agricultural, household, automobile, packaging materials, toys, etc.
Today
waste plastics become an important threat to plant and animal on land mass.
Overuse of chlorinated plastic in various areas release harmful chemicals into
the surrounding and ultimately effect on soil and ground water. The toxic
components of plastic include diethylhexyl phthalate which is a toxic
carcinogen. In addition some other components, such as lead, cadmium, and
mercury have serious effect on various aquatic organisms. Thus, it is becoming increasingly challenging
to manage and control the use of plastics due to their adverse environmental
effects. The landfill deposition of municipal waste plastics (MWP)
may cause environmental problems and is becoming more expensive. Due to
increasing volume of MWP and decreasing landfill capacity for disposal,
landfill becomes more challenging. In addition, landfill can release hazardous
sub-stances and plastic wastes take long time to degrade. This article focusing on the production of clean fuel from waste plastics by catalytic
pyrolysis. Catalytic pyrolysis is a novel high efficient technology on
recycling of waste plastic and it is environment friendly also. It can also
stabilize global need of fossil fuel which tends to be crisis. Pyrolysis of
different waste plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and
polyvinyl chloride was achieved at a bench scale to produce clean fuel of
required calorific values or chemical feedstock. Combination of pyrolysis with
catalytic up gradation process can prove significant economic and economical
option in conversion of e-waste plastic.
As per some survey it was reported that the high yields of liquid fuels in the boiling range 100°C–480°C and gases were obtained along with a small amount of heavy oils and insoluble material such as gums and coke. The results obtained on the co-processing of polypropylene with coal and petroleum residues are very encouraging as this method appears to be quite feasible to convert plastic materials into liquefied coal products and to upgrade the petroleum residues and waste plastics. Investigated the pyrolysis of real waste plastics (high-density polyethylene and polypropylene) in a pilot scale horizontal tube reactor at 520°C temperature in the presence and absence of ZSM-5 catalyst. It was found that the yields of gases, gasoline and light oil could be increased in the presence of catalyst. They also concluded that the plastic wastes could be converted into gasoline and light oil with the yields of 20–48% and 17–36% respectively depending on the used parameters. From the recent literature, it is clear that the process of converting waste plastic to reusable oil can be taken as a current research topic.
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