Tuesday, December 1, 2020

GATE Chemical Engineering Questions and Answers-Heat Transfer


A hot liquid is to be cooled in a 1 - 1 shell and tube heat exchanger from 80°C to 50°C. Cooling water enters the tube side at 30°C, and exits at 45°C. The properties of the liquids are constant. Also, the overall heat transfer coefficient is same for counter-current and co-current modes. The percentage saving in heat transfer area for counter-current option with respect to the area of co-current option is ______________ (rounded off to third decimal place).

                                                                                                                        GATE 2018

 

                Answer:    27.27%

 

Vapour bubbles are found in the nucleate boiling regime at a frequency of 10 bubbles per second per nucleation site. There are 100 nucleation sites per m2 of heating area. The latent heat of vaporization and the density of vapour under the operating condition are 1000 kJ/kg and 1 kg/m3 respectively. The diameter of each bubble is 10-3 m. Assume that the entire heat supplied is used for vapour generation. The heat flux (in Watt per m2 of heating area) is _______ (rounded off to third decimal place).

                                                                                                                        GATE 2018

 

                    Answer:    0.523 W/m2

 

Economy of evaporators used for concentrating sugarcane juice is


                                                                                                                  GATE 2018

 

                    Answer:    (C)

 

The wall of a pipe of radius 1 m is at a uniform temperature of 200°C, and is covered by insulation of thickness 0.1 m. The ambient air outside the insulated pipe is at 20°C and has heat transfer coefficient of 10 Wm-2 K-1. The thermal conductivity of the insulation material is 0.05 W m-1 K-1. If the heat transfer occurs at steady state, the temperature (in °C) of the outer surface of insulation is _______ (rounded off to second decimal place).

                                                                                                                  GATE 2018

 

                    Answer:    28.193°C

 

An insulated storage tank contains 1000 kg liquid of specific heat 10 kJ kg-1K-1. The liquid is heated by saturated steam, condensing in a helical coil at a temperature of 180°C. The heat transfer area of the coil is 0.1 m2. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is constant at 1000 W m-2 K-1, then the time (in hours) required to raise the temperature of the liquid in the tank from 20°C to 80°C is _________ (rounded off to second decimal place).

                                                                                                                  GATE 2018

 

                    Answer:    13.05 hr

 

Segmental baffles in a 2 - 4 shell and tube heat exchanger

(A) Change the flow pattern of the tube side fluid and increase the overall heat transfer coefficient

(B) Increase the heat transfer coefficient in the shell side and support the tubes

            (C) Help to reduce the thermal expansion of the tubes and increase the heat transfer coefficient in the tube             side

             (D) Increase the number of passes in the shell side and increase the heat transfer coefficient in the tube side

                                                                                                                  GATE 2018

     

                        Answer:    (B)

 

Prandtl number signifies the ratio of

(A) Momentum diffusivity/thermal diffusivity

(B)  Mass diffusivity/thermal diffusivity

(C)  Thermal diffusivity/momentum diffusivity

(D) Thermal diffusivity/mass diffusivity

                                                                                                                 GATE 2019

 

Answer:  (A)

 

Consider the two countercurrent heat exchanger designs for heating a cold stream from tin to tout as shown in figure. The hot process stream is available at Tin. The inlet stream conditions and overall heat transfer coefficients are identical in both the designs. The heat transfer area in design I and design II are respectively




If heat losses are neglected, and if both the designs are feasible, which of the following statements holds true:

                                                                                                                 

                                                                                                 GATE-2019

                    Answer:    (D)

 

A 20 cm diameter cylindrical solid pellet of a nuclear fuel with density 6000 kg/m3 and conductivity of 300 W/(m K) generates heat by nuclear fission at a spatially uniform rate of 104 W/kg. The heat from the fuel pellet is transferred to the surrounding coolant by convection such that the pellet wall temperature remains constant at 300 °C. Neglecting the axial and azimuthal dependence, the maximum temperature (in °C) in the pellet at steady state is_________________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).

                                                                                                                        GATE 2019

 

Answer:    800

 

A solid sphere of radius 1 cm and initial temperature of 25C is exposed to a gas stream at 100C. For the solid sphere, the density is 104 kg/m3 and the specific heat capacity is 500 J/(kg K). The density of the gas is 0.6 kg/m3 and its specific heat capacity is 103 J/(kg K). The solid sphere is approximated as a lumped system (Biot number << 1) and all specific heats are constants. If the heat transfer coefficient between the solid and gas is 50 W/(m2K), the time (in seconds) needed for the sphere to reach 95C is _________ (rounded off to the nearest integer)

                                                                                                                 GATE 2019

     

                    Answer:    902.68

 

Steam A with specific heat capacity CPA = 2000 J/(kg K) is cooled from 90C to 45C in concentric double pipe counter current heat exchanger having a heat transfer area of 8 m2. The cold stream B of specific heat capacity CPB = 1000 J/(kg K) enters the exchanger at a flow rate 1 kg/s and 40C. The overall heat transfer coefficient U = 250 W/(m2K). Assume that the mean driving force is based on the arithmetic mean temperature difference, that is

Where, Ti,in and Ti,out refer to the temperature of the ith stream (i = A, B) at the inlet and exit, respectively. The mass flow rate of stream A (in kg/s), is _____________ (rounded off to two decimal places).

                                                                                                            GATE 2019

 

                    Answer:    0.305

 

Ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity is

            (A) Reynolds number

            (B)  Prandtl number

            (C)  Nusselt number

            (D) Peclet number

                                                                                                            GATE 2020

 

                Answer:          (B)

 

Leidenfrost phenomena refers to

            (A) The condensation of vapour on a cold surface

            (B)  The exchange of heat between two solids

            (C)  The melting of frost

            (D) Film boiling and evaporation of liquid droplets falling on a very hot surface

 

                                                                                                            GATE 2020

 

                Answer:          (D)

 

An aqueous suspension at 60ºC is fed to the first effect of a double effect forward feed evaporator with a mass flow rate of 1.25 kg s-1. The sum of the rates of water evaporated from the first and second effects is 1.0 kg s-1. Temperatures of the exit streams from the first and the second effects are 100ºC, 60ºC, respectively. Consider the specific heat of the aqueous suspension, and the latent heat of phase change for water to be 4 kJ kg-1 K-1 and 2200 kJkg-1, respectively, over this temperature range. The steam economy (in kg per kg) is _______ (round off to 2 decimal places).

 

                                                                                                                  GATE 2020

 

            Answer:    1.779

 

A hollow cylinder of equal length and inner diameter (i.e., L = D) is sealed at both ends with flat plate, as shown in the figure. Its inner surfaces, A1, A2, and A3 radiate energy.


Fij denotes the fraction of radiation energy leaving the surface Ai which reaches the surface Aj. It is also known that


Which one of the following is correct?

                                                                                                             GATE 2020

 Answer:          (B)

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